In a new study claiming to rank the level of happiness among Americans, New Yorkers finish dead last in 51st place (the study included Washington, DC along with the 50 states). But wipe that grin off your Bay State face. Massachusetts didn’t finish too cheery itself, landing lugubriously in 43rd place.

Among the traits of the places bringing up the gloomy rear are cold winters. The one exception among the 10 most mirthless locales is California, which ranks 46th, but has its own set of mood-dampening problems, starting with a state government that’s barely solvent.

Michael Jonas works with Laura in overseeing CommonWealth Beacon coverage and editing the work of reporters. His own reporting has a particular focus on politics, education, and criminal justice reform.